NEW ERA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY SOCIAL RESEARCHES

A REVIEW OF THE USE OF GENERATIVE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ONLINE ASSESSMENT PROCESSES

Emin ÖZEN — 2025-10-20

With the widespread use of online education environments today, the effectiveness and reliability of assessment processes have become increasingly important. In this context, artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are transforming online assessment processes through various applications such as automatic question generation, response evaluation, personalised feedback, and enhanced exam security. This paper examines the areas of application, advantages, and limitations of AI in online assessment processes. AI-based systems can generate questions in various formats by analysing educational materials, perform automatic evaluation of open-ended responses, and provide personalised feedback to students to help them correct their mistakes. Additionally, they can detect suspicious behaviour during exams to identify cheating attempts, thereby ensuring academic integrity. One of the most important advantages of these technologies is that they save educators time while making the assessment process more objective and reliable. However, there are some limitations, such as the accuracy, impartiality, and ethical issues of the responses generated by AI. In addition, the effectiveness of personalised feedback and the transparency of AI decision-making mechanisms are among the issues that need to be addressed. In conclusion, the opportunities offered by AI in online assessment processes bring about a significant transformation in education. However, interdisciplinary research and more comprehensive studies are needed to ensure that these technologies are used in a more reliable and ethical manner.

GREENWASHING: AN ANALYSIS OF ITS IMPACT, STRATEGIES, AND IMPLICATIONS

Esin BENHÜR AKTÜRK — 2025-10-20

Greenwashing has emerged as a critical issue in sustainability discourse and corporate social responsibility practices. This paper provides a comprehensive examination of greenwashing, identifying its definition, types, and strategies, while exploring its consequences for consumers, businesses, and environmental outcomes. Through a review of interdisciplinary research, this study analyzes the regulatory landscape and offers recommendations for stakeholders to mitigate greenwashing effectively. Case studies are used to illustrate the phenomenon across industries, highlighting its pervasive nature and societal impacts.

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF HUMAN- AND AI-CENTERED DESIGN APPROACHES; A FUTURISTIC INTERIOR SPACE CONCEPT

Semih Göksel YILDIRIM — 2025-10-20

This study comparatively examines the impact of human-led digital modelling processes and AI-assisted design approaches on the development of a futuristic interior space. The case study, conducted in the entrance and lobby area of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of İstanbul Gelişim University in Avcılar, Istanbul, is structured in two main phases. In the first phase, the designer developed a formal and functional concept using conventional software tools; in the second phase, alternative proposals were generated through AI-based visualizations. In the final stage, the outputs obtained from the AI visualizations were integrated into the conventional visual representations. The study reveals that while artificial intelligence provides significant advantages in terms of conceptual richness, aesthetic diversity, and speed, human expertise remains indispensable for ensuring ergonomics, scale accuracy, and detailed technical resolution. The analysis was carried out under the themes of form and aesthetics, process and control, functionality, user experience, and spatial meaning. The findings demonstrate that AI acts as a creative catalyst particularly during the concept development stages; however, the decisive factor in achieving an implementable design output is the contribution of human expertise. In conclusion, the study shows that a hybrid approach holds considerable potential for developing sustainable and original solutions in the interior design of the future.

DETERMINING THE SPIRITUAL WELL-BEING LEVELS OF PHYSICIANS AND NURSES: A DESCRIPTIVE AND CROSS-SECTIONAL TRAINING AND RESEARCH HOSPITAL EXAMPLE

Sibel Erkal İLHAN — 2025-10-20

The purpose of this study was to determine the spiritual well-being levels of physicians and nurses working in a training and research hospital in Istanbul. This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted between March and December 2023. In the study 155 nurses and 123 physicians were included. Data were collected using a “Personal Information Form” and the “Three-Factor Spiritual Well-Being Scale”. The obtained data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences program The data showed normal distribution and t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Post-Hoc tests were used to evaluate the data. Approximately 69% of physicians and nurses participating in the study were between the ages of 25 and 29. 64.2% of physicians were male, and 65.8% of nurses were female. When examined for educational background, 56.1% of physicians had specialized training, and 78.7% of nurses had a bachelor's degree. 65.9% of physicians and 71.6% of nurses were single. The mean score on the Three-Factor Spiritual Well-Being Scale was 111.21±13.09 for nurses and 105.9±13.46 for physicians. In comparing the total and subscale scores of nurses and physicians, significant differences were found, except for the anomie subscale, with nurses having higher mean scores (p<0.05). While nurses had higher mean total scores among those who chose their profession voluntarily, physicians had higher mean scores among those who had children and whose income and expenses were equal (p<0.05). Comparing the mean subscale scores of nurses and physicians with demographic characteristics and work characteristics yielded significant results (p<0.05). In a study using the Three-Dimensional Spiritual Well-being Scale, the spiritual well-being levels of nurses and physicians were found to be above average.

BEYOND THE IRON LADY: THATCHERISM, BRITISH CINEMA, AND THE RE-SHAPING OF WORKING-CLASS MASCULINITY IN THE FULL MONTY

Burçak Tuba TAYHAN GÜZEL — 2025-10-20

This study examines The Full Monty (1997) within the socio-political aftermath of Thatcherism, concentrating on the shifting representations of working-class masculinity in 1990s British cinema. As Margaret Thatcher's neoliberal policies dismantled the industrial economy, they also destabilised the breadwinner role and traditional gender hierarchies that had long sustained working-class male identity. In the light of R.W. Connell’s theory of hegemonic masculinity, the study explores how economic decline, unemployment, and deindustrialisation reconfigured masculine subjectivities. Special attention is given to the symbolic function of key spaces such as the steel factory, job centre, and working men’s club, as sites where masculinities are both contested and redefined. Ultimately, the film is interpreted as a cultural response to the crisis of working-class masculinity in a post-industrial Britain, presenting alternative forms of male agency through performance, vulnerability, and collective reinvention.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INNOVATION PERCEPTION AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE: AN APPLICATION ON RETAIL SECTOR EMPLOYEES IN MUĞLA PROVINCE

Erol SOLMAZ — 2025-10-20

The purpose of this study is to determine whether innovation and job performance of employees in the retail sector distinguishes demographic characteristics and demonstrates a relationship between innovation perceptions and work. For this purpose, a 23-question survey form consisting of demographic questions, innovation perception scale and work performance scale was prepared and data were collected. The research population is employed in the retail sector in the province of Mugla. The sample consists of 200 participants working in the sector. Normality analysis, reliability analysis, frequency analysis, t-test analysis, one-way variance analysis (Anova) and correlation analysis were performed with the data obtained. As a result of the analyses, it was concluded that female employees have higher innovation perception scores than male employees, and those in the 18-25 and 26-35 age groups have higher innovation perception scores than those in the higher age groups. Furthermore, it was observed that the higher level of education of participants, the higher the perceived value of innovation. In the work performance scale analysis, the scores of those in the 36-45 and 46-55 age groups are higher than those in the lower age group. While the work performance of those who have worked in the sector for 0 to 5 years is lower than that of those who have worked for longer, the work performance of those who in management position is higher than that of those who work in other departments. No significant relationship between the perception of innovation and job performance of the retail workers surveyed in the study was found.

NARCOTIC AND MEDIA: COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES AND THEIR SOCIAL IMPACTS IN THE FIGHT AGAINST DRUGS

Ensar LOKMANOĞLU — 2025-10-20

The term “narcomedia”, used with reference to media products addressing the issue of drugs, also denotes the power structures linked to the drug economy and the content ideologically and culturally reproduced through the media. In particular, representations in cinema, television series, news outlets, and digital platforms may involve various strategies aimed at aestheticising, normalising, and even glorifying drug culture. This study seeks to examine the representation of drugs through mass communication media and the effects of such representations on social perception, behaviour, and policy. Images, language, and narratives disseminated via news, series, cinema, and social media have been analysed within different frames, such as the crime element and the medical model. The study concludes with observations focusing on the impact of such representations on youth, the mechanisms of stigmatisation and exclusion, the interaction between a public health approach and punitive perspectives, and recommendations for policy.

EXAMINATION OF PET ATTACHMENT, FAMILY CLIMATE AND FAMILY BELONGING OF INDIVIDIUALS WITH AND WITHOUT PETS

Gamze AKBOĞA — 2025-10-20

The increasing place of pets in human life requires evaluation of the impact of pets on family life. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the attachment to pets, family climate and belonging levels who own pets and the difference between the family climate and belonging levels who own and non-pet owner. The research sample consists of 405 people who own and non-pet owner. In the study, Lexington Pet Attachment Scale and the section in the Personal Information Form containing information about pets were applied to those pet owners. Family Climate Scale, Family Belonging Scale were applied to all participants. SPSS 22.0 program was used to analyze the data. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis, independent samples T-test, one-way ANOVA. According to research results, no statistically significant relationship was found between attachment to pets, family climate and belonging levels. It is concluded that the family atmosphere and commitment perceived by individuals do not differ according to the variable of owning pet. No significant difference was found between the family climate and belonging levels of participants with and without pets, also a high level correlation (r: .71) was found between the family climate and belonging levels.

THE EXISTENTIAL DIMENSIONS OF SPACE: HEIDEGGER’S CONCEPT OF SPACE AND CONTEMPORARY SPATIAL TRANSFORMATIONS

Abdullah TÜRKMEN — 2025-10-20

The concept of space has become a significant area of philosophical and sociological discussion in relation to individuals' identity development and psychological integrity. This study examines individuals' relationships with space through the concepts of dwelling and unheimlich (uncanniness), focusing on Heidegger’s understanding of space. The research aims to reveal the role of individuals' sense of spatial belonging in identity construction, psychological resilience, and existential well-being. The study employs the method of phenomenological textual analysis and constructs a theoretical framework based on Heidegger’s Being and Time (1927) and Building, Dwelling, Thinking (1951). The findings demonstrate that individuals' relationship with space involves not only a physical connection but also a psychological and existential bond. Particularly, contemporary spatial transformations such as forced migration, digitalization, and urbanization weaken individuals' sense of belonging, leading to identity crises and psychological adaptation problems. Within the context of Heidegger’s concept of being-in-the-world, the loss of spatial belonging brings about existential voids and identity anxieties. The results indicate that space is a critical factor in individuals' psychological well-being and identity development. Finally, Heidegger’s understanding of space provides an important theoretical framework for understanding the effects of contemporary spatial changes on individuals. While emphasizing the function of space in providing existential security for individuals, the study also highlights the need for broader future research exploring the relationship between space and identity.

BORDER, MIGRATION, AND WAITING: MY MARLON AND BRANDO

Saygın Koray DOĞANER — 2025-10-20

This study examines Hüseyin Karabey’s 2008 film My Marlon and Brando within the framework of border studies, aiming to show that migration is not merely a physical act but a multidimensional experience. The analysis focuses on how the film represents the border through spatial, emotional, cultural, and bureaucratic dimensions. Methodologically, the film is interpreted through scene-based analyses that are connected with theoretical perspectives. The ideas of Anzaldúa on the cultural and psychological aspects of the border, Balibar on its political nature, Mezzadra and Neilson on its productive function, and Nail on its dynamic form are discussed in relation to the film’s narrative. The findings indicate that the border is not simply a geographical line but a structure that alters the rhythm of everyday life, transforms emotional experience, redefines identity, and constantly interrupts movement. The scenes set in hotel rooms, the repeated document checks, the closed gates, and the redefined journeys reveal the invisible yet powerful mechanisms of the border. In conclusion, the study argues that My Marlon and Brando makes a significant contribution to migration cinema by portraying the emotional and social dimensions of the border through a coherent and comprehensive cinematic approach.

INTERPRETATION OF SERVICE QUALITY IN HOTEL BUSINESSES OFFERING CITY AND BUSINESS TOURISM SERVICES IN KOCAELI VIA E-WOM

Fatma ÖZÇELİK HEPER — 2025-10-20

The internet, where digitalization and globalization have become widespread, is used for many purposes today. People are using the internet widely in their daily lives in many areas such as social media, purchasing products and services, investment, and banking. Depending on all these developments, tourism businesses have also turned to this area and made an effort to increase their market payments. In these digital environments, people make positive and negative comments about accommodation businesses, and this has become an area that businesses need to take into consideration for their success. In this study, online comments on Google and TripAdvisor were examined using the content analysis method. Within the scope of the research, Turkish comments made by 1200 people on Google and Tripadvisor websites of four 5-star and one 4-star hotels in the İzmit Central District, which offer city and business tourism services in Kocaeli, were examined. Since each comment touched on multiple topics, the number of Codes/subcodes increased to 2679. In order to limit the research, comments made between January 1, 2023, when the effects of the pandemic began to decrease, and December 31, 2024 were included. During the analysis process, codes that were close to each other were grouped and categorized, and these findings were presented in tables. Within the scope of the research, the most commented codes in the comments were found to be staff, room quality and comfort, food and beverages, cleanliness, location and view, price-performance relationship, meetings and organizations, parking, spa and Turkish bath, ambiance, and pool themes, respectively

THE CYCLICAL NATURE OF COUPS IN TURKEY: TUTELAR STRUCTURES, POLITICAL POLARIZATION

Rejhan RAHMAN — 2025-10-20

This study looks at coups in Turkey from political, social, and economic angles. A coup in Turkey is rarely just a military move. Courts, the bureaucracy, the media, and the economy often play a role too. These point to deeper problems that keep democracy from taking root. The study uses a historical and comparative approach. It focuses on the main military coups 1960, 1971, 1980, and 2016 as well as on key non-military interventions like the February 28 process and the Ergenekon-Balyoz cases. The findings show that the legacy of Ottoman administration and the tutelary mindset inherited from the Committee of Union and Progress continue to undermine democratic oversight. Economic crises and global factors, like the 1980 downturn, played key roles. In more recent cases, media and communication technologies had a strong impact. The study concludes that for democracy in Turkey to take root, tutelage must end, the rule of law must be strengthened, political polarization must be reduced, and economic stability must be secured through broad democratic reforms.

Keywords: Keywords: Coups, Military Tutelage, Democratization, Political Polarization, Economic Crises, Turkish Politics, Institutional Reforms.

A STUDY ON THE SOCIAL MEDIA ADVERTISING AVOIDANCE BEHAVIORS OF GENERATION Y IN TURKEY: THE YOUTUBE EXAMPLE

Müslüm KIZILGEBEN — 2025-10-20

Millennials, as a generation that has grown up in a social media environment, react very differently to advertisements than previous generations. Especially on user-oriented platforms such as YouTube, avoidance behaviors towards the advertising content encountered have increased significantly. These behaviors, which occur in the form of skipping, not watching or completely blocking ads, carry characteristics not only about content preference, but also about the relationship that the person has established with social media. In this context, the main purpose of this study is to analyze in-depth the social media ad avoidance behaviors of millennials in Turkey and to determine the underlying causes and effects of these behaviors. For this purpose, YouTube, the most widespread platform in terms of video viewing, was chosen as an example. The study utilized the general survey model method, which is one of the quantitative research approaches and is used to evaluate the entire population or a representative sample from it in order to make a comprehensive assessment of the population in a population consisting of a significant number of items. The sample was determined as 103 people reached online through convenience sampling method. As a result, it has been revealed that there is a certain incompatibility between Youtube's advertising policies and users' expectations and wishes.

INVESTIGATION OF CRIME AND VIOLENCE IN ADOLESCENTS IN TERMS OF VARIOUS VARIABLES

Mahsum AVCI — 2025-10-20

It is aimed to examine crime, violence, substance use and self-harming behaviors in adolescent individuals in terms of various individual familial and environmental variables. The data obtained in the study conducted using a descriptive method were analyzed, the findings revealed that domestic violence, substance use and self-harming behaviors decreased, contrary to what was thought, adolescents were afraid of harming themselves or others and emphasized that substance use was bad.

The findings obtained in the study emphasize the importance of individual and environmental interventions aimed at preventing adolescents' behaviors such as crime, substance use and self-harm. The findings obtained provide important information that will guide families, educational institutions and society to develop preventive strategies for these risky behaviors.

POST-CLASSICAL CRIME ORGANIZATIONS AND SOCIAL MEDIA ACTIVISM: STRATEGIES FOR LEGITIMIZING CRIME THROUGH RELIGION

Mehmet Seyman ÖNDER — 2025-10-23

Social media and evolving communication technologies have precipitated changes across various aspects of life, including the transformation of criminal organizations and their illicit activities. This study examines the efforts of post-classical criminal organizations, which employ methodologies akin to terrorist groups, to legitimize their criminal actions through social media activism, utilizing religious symbols and narratives. The X platform was selected as the research domain, and the social media posts of organization members, particularly their hashtag activism, were subjected to thematic content analysis and social network analysis. Additionally, the organization's websites, television programs, and print publications were examined to gather comprehensive information. The analyses revealed that organization members attempted to create an impression of being a religious community with a sanctified leader by employing popular religious narratives and symbols. This strategy aimed to establish legitimacy in the public eye, thereby concealing their criminal activities.

THE PUBLICATION ORGAN OF THE KOREAN WAR AND THE TURKISH BRIGADE: NORTH STAR

Nuran KILAVUZ — 2025-10-23

It connects the aftermath of North Korea's attack on South Korean territory on June 25, 1950, with the outbreak of the Korean War. The North Korean armies of China and the Soviet Union advanced as far as Seoul, the Korean capital. During this period, South Korea appealed to the United Nations for assistance, which responded positively. Thus, the Korean War gained international significance, and multinational support was provided to South Korea under UN leadership. Seventeen countries are providing military assistance to South Korea, and six are providing medical assistance. Turkey, as a UN member, has pledged to provide a 4,500-person military unit to the UN to maintain international peace and security. The 41st Turkish Brigade completed its preparations and departed for Korea from the Port of İskenderun between September 25-30, 1950, and took up combat positions on the front lines on November 10, 1950. Following its deployment to Korea, the Turkish Brigade began publishing a daily newspaper called "Pole Star" on December 19, 1950. Initially consisting of two or three pages, this publication gradually expanded, featuring front-line combat news, anecdotes, serials, and summaries of news from home and abroad. Greetings and messages from home, particularly through the column titled "Voices from the Homeland," were published, providing a form of emotional communication and moral support through the newspaper. Published regularly from December 19, 1950, to November 22, 1953, the newspaper ceased publication after one issue in 1954 and three in 1955. This study aims to assess the function of periodical publishing in a wartime environment through the study of the newspaper "Kutup Yildizi" (Polar Star), published by the Turkish Brigade during the Korean War. Through an examination of the newspaper's content and format, the study's primary objective is to reveal its multifaceted functions, such as boosting the morale and motivation of Turkish soldiers, providing access to information, and strengthening their ties to the homeland. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the exemplary nature of this publication for the Turkish military press and its unique nature as a document within the context of military and press history, aiming to fill a significant gap in the literature in this field. Drawing on documents from the Presidential Republic Archives, national newspapers of the period, issues of "Kut Yildizi" (Pot Star), and related scholarly sources, this study aims to make a multifaceted contribution to the disciplines of history, communication, media, and military sociology.

FROM SPATIAL PLANNING TO HOUSING MARKET DYNAMICS: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIO-SPATIAL SEGREGATION AND HOUSING SATISFACTION

Müjdat KAYA — 2025-10-23

The social and spatial structures of cities have significant effects on the quality of life of individuals. Socio-spatial segregation, as a spatial reflection of inequalities in urban areas, plays a decisive role in user satisfaction according to different forms of housing use (homeowner/tenant). Researchers note that spatial segregation is a product of the capitalist system and is closely related to the social structure of cities. In this study, the relationship between socio-spatial segregation and user satisfaction was examined based on data obtained from user satisfaction surveys conducted in the İkinisan and Şabaniye districts of Van city centre. Data collected from a total of 202 households includes demographic characteristics, household structure, housing satisfaction, and socio-economic status. The findings reveal the effects of socio-spatial segregation on user housing satisfaction and highlight the differences between the two regions. Housing satisfaction was found to be higher in the İkinisan region, which is attributed to the region's socio-economic advantages and spatial arrangements. In the Şabaniye region, satisfaction rates were found to be lower. In particular, the findings show that homeowners in İkinisan exhibit high satisfaction, while tenants in Şabaniye exhibit significantly lower satisfaction with their housing and neighbourhood. The results provide important feedback for the planning of housing projects and the formulation of urban policies, emphasising the importance of spatial planning and social policies in urban development processes. Developing balanced and inclusive planning approaches is crucial for reducing socio-spatial segregation and increasing user housing satisfaction.