NEW ERA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY SOCIAL RESEARCHES

CRITICAL ANALYSIS ON A NARRATIVE DISCOURSE: FOX 8 BY GEORGE SAUNDERS

Gülşen TORUSDAĞ — 2024-12-25

Critical Discourse Analysis is an analytical method applied to literary and other discourses. Its goal is to identify the explicit or implicit ideological elements in the discourse while also attempting to understand the intended action of the author because a fundamental idea and ideological knowledge are embedded in every discursive structure, and every discourse result in an action. Fox 8, a story with an animal narrator, is the product of the extraordinary imaginative talents of George Saunders. It is an unordinary story with its title and linguistic features. It is narrated with a sentimental quality that evokes pity or sadness. Narrator and main story person Fox 8 is a special fox. He is a dreamy and curious fox. He learns to speak Yuman (human) from sitting outside a window as a mother reads bedtime stories to her kids. The fox misspells many of the words, and the story begins by apologizing to the reader about his misspellings. But Fox 8’s language is often very funny, and the reader soon becomes accustomed to the linguistic malapropisms Saunders uses in representing the contemporary American idiom such as “I woslike: Fox 8, crazy nut, when sun goes down, werld goes dark, skedaddle home”; “Dude, chek me out”; “I was fast and nated”. Essentially, Fox 8 is about the damage of animals’ natural habitats and their extinction due to humans destroying forests and building shopping malls in their place. This study aims to analyze this childish fable, which tells the story of man, who is an enemy of nature and who mercilessly harms nature through the eyes of a fox, who gives a moral lesson to humanity. It also detects Saunders’ message that sounds like exactly the kind of advice humanity needs right now through the misspelled words of Fox 8: “If you want your Storys to end happy, try being niser.”

HOPE: THE ABSOLUTELY TRUE DIARY OF A PART-TIME INDIAN AND THE HOUSE ON MANGO STREET

Kübra YÖRÜK — 2024-12-25

At the centre of contemporary American literature, isolation has an important centre in cultural, social, and individual contexts. Social and individual groupings caused by negative conditions such as racism and poverty tend to make individuals feel alone in society. This subject of loneliness frequently emerges from difficult social concerns like racism, poverty, and prejudice, all of which make underprivileged people feel incredibly alone. Dark history, factors such as exploitation and assimilation support identity loss and personal isolation. It creates an identity crisis in these communities by increasing cultural isolation. Native Americans, Indians, were subjected to massacres and assimilation techniques by whites in their own countries. On the other side, the marginalization of Latin people has caused people to enter the lens of isolation and hopelessness. The fictionalization of the experiences of individuals belonging to these societies constitutes the essence of American literature. Their marginalization has been exacerbated by racial prejudice, economic hardship, and language limitations, which has resulted in a sense of pessimism and exclusion that is eloquently captured in American literature. In The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian, Sharman Alexie conveys own desperate situations like loneliness, poverty and racism to the reader through fiction. Sandra Cisneros's work The House on Mango Street is also similar to Sharman Alexie. The economic difficulties and social discrimination experienced by the Latin culture are conveyed to the reader through stories created through fiction, which the author experiences first-hand. The purpose of this study is to show how two different characters from two different cultures and races in American society maintain their hopes and achieve their aspirations despite facing racism, poverty, and marginalization.

TECHNOLOGICAL ARGUMENTS IN ART WITH AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH

Merve DUYDU — 2024-12-25

The concept of art, which emerges as an effective force in understanding and questioning the world in which an individual lives, is a phenomenon that changes and develops according to the conditions of the age. Art, which emerges with the synthesis of human intelligence and skill, is an indispensable phenomenon in social space. The concept of art, which is divided into various disciplines with different possibilities of expression, has included different approach foundations and techniques in its own field of inquiry, especially after the second half of the 20th century, with the changes seen in many areas of social life. Art, which has gained a freer environment of expression at the end of a long historical process, has started to interact strongly with other scientific fields along with its own unique realities. The concept of art, which has been in contact with many sciences throughout the historical process, has started to benefit from technological opportunities frequently with the advent of the 20th century. While this dual interaction brings new formations in artistic discourses, the sharp boundaries between different disciplines have started to blur, and while each field is nourished by the teachings of the other field, today's understanding of art has been supported by multiple discourses.

In this study; the relationship between art and technology is examined in an interdisciplinary context, and evaluations are made on how artists interpret technological information with the possibilities of expression in their works of art.

TÜRK RESİM SANATININ KARANLIK YÜZÜ

Tolga SAĞTAŞ — 2024-12-25

The phenomenon of darkness has been accepted as one of the basic elements of life since the existence of humanity and has found its place in many branches of art throughout history. The fears, anxieties and curiosity about the unknown hidden in the depths of the human soul have caused dark themes to have a deep effect on artists. These effects, which emerged especially between the periods of Romanticism and Realism, emerge as the elements that shaped the basis of the Dark Romanticism movement in Western society. In this context, artists reflected the dark aspects of the era they were in in their works with fantastic, chilling and realistic depictions with an emotional and critical approach. Dark Romanticism first manifested itself in the fields of literature and music in Europe in the early 19th century. In contrast to other areas of art, this movement emerged in painting a little later with an exhibition opened in France in 2013. Artists such as Francisco Goya, Eugène Delacroix and Caspar David Friedrich in particular were pioneers of these themes. The paintings often featured frightening images inspired by dreams, demons, fantastic creatures, themes of death and apocalyptic scenes. In the exhibition, Dark Romanticism is divided into many sub-areas and the artists' perspectives on darkness are emphasized. This dark artistic tendency in Europe is also seen in Turkish painting, but it is understood that it is handled differently. It is seen that historical wars, social traumas, epidemics, folk narratives and legendary stories constitute an important ground in the emergence of dark themes in Turkish art. The darkness of Turkish painting, which started with religious elements and mystical elements, turned into dark elements experienced by the society in the following processes. In this context, the works of many important Turkish artists such as Muhammed Mehmet Siyahkalem, Hüseyin Avni Lifij, Aydın Ayan were discussed. In this research, which was written using the historical research technique, the dark themes in the works of Turkish painters were examined chronologically as a result and the similarities with the works produced by European Dark Romanticism artists were discussed.

ARTISTS AND THEIR CATS

İpek SAKAL — 2024-12-25

Humans and cats are two species that have shared the same environment for thousands of years. This relationship began approximately 10,000 years ago with the development of agricultural societies, and cats gained an important place in human life by protecting grain stores from rodents. Considered sacred in ancient Egypt, cats were valued both as divine symbols and as pets. However, in the Middle Ages, cats gained a bad reputation by being associated with witches, and the cat genocides that occurred during this period were ended with the efforts of various groups such as artists. The fact that cats started to appear in works of art allowed them to be accepted as a popular pet again. Many artists in the past and today have been influenced by cats in the real world, shared their living spaces with them, observed them, and formed a friendship with them. With the influence of this friendship, artists included their pet cats in their paintings, equipped the cat figures they used with meanings they determined and depicted them according to their own understanding of form. Many artists, from Leonardo Da Vinci to Balthus, from Louis Wain to Picasso and Matis, have immortalized their friendships by bringing their cats into their art. Many famous names from Turkish art, such as Cihat Burak, Orhan Peker, Fikret Otyam, Gürbüz Doğan Eşkioğlu, have reflected their friendships with their cats in their artistic works. This study, written using historical research techniques, aims to investigate the place of cats in works of art and their effects on artists. As a result, the interaction between artists and cats is examined, and the scenes in which cats are used and the meanings these figures carry in terms of art are evaluated.

INVESTIGATION OF MÜSLÜM MOVIE IN THE CONTEXT OF SCHEMA THERAPY FOR COUPLES

Beyza TOPÇİL — 2024-12-25

"Müslüm" is a 2018 biographical film that tells the life story of Müslüm Gürses, one of Turkey's most famous Arabesque music artists. The film portrays Gürses' difficult and tragic life, his ups and downs, the rise of his music career, and his personal struggles. Themes such as family bonds, losses, and the fight for survival are explored in the narrative. Another significant character in Müslüm Gürses’ life, as depicted in the film, is his life partner Muhterem Nur. Their relationship, while full of ups and downs, is based on profound love.Schema therapy, developed by Jeffrey Young, integrates various approaches, including cognitive-behavioral therapy, attachment theory, psychoanalytic concepts, and experiential therapies, designed particularly for individuals dealing with long-term psychological issues. Schema therapy focuses on the "schemas" formed during childhood that influence individuals’ relationships, thoughts, and behaviors throughout their lives. This study employs qualitative research methods, particularly document analysis, to explore how childhood experiences shape individuals’ behaviors and affect their lives.

EXAMINING THE MEDIATING ROLE OF SELF-COMPASSION IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POSTTRAUMATIC GROWTH AND PSYCHOLOGICAL RESILIENCE IN ADULTS

Emine KOÇAK — 2024-12-25

In this study, it was aimed to examine the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between posttraumatic growth and psychological resilience in adult individuals and the relationships between these variables. Within the scope of the study, data were collected from 444 participants through online questionnaires. Sociodemographic Information Form, Brief Psychological Resilience Scale, Posttraumatic Growth and Inventory and Self-Compassion Scale were used as data collection tools. Pearson Correlation analysis was applied to examine the relationships between the research variables. Hierarchical regression analysis was applied to examine the predictive power of posttraumatic growth by psychological resilience and self-compassion. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was applied to examine the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between posttraumatic growth and psychological resilience. According to the findings of the study, it was determined that there was a positive and significant relationship between participants' posttraumatic growth scores and psychological resilience and self-compassion. In addition, it was determined that posttraumatic growth was positively and significantly predicted by psychological resilience and self-compassion levels. It was determined that the model fit of the measurement model was at an adequate level. According to the findings of the Structural Equation Model, the effect of the Total Psychological Resilience variable indirectly on the posttraumatic growth in the model was found to be positive and significant through Self-Compassion. In addition, it was observed that Self-Compassion variable had the highest indirect effect in total effects. The fact that indirect and total effects are significant indicates that the theoretical structure of the model is supported. According to the findings, the model exhibits acceptable fit values in general and most of the hypothesized paths were found to be significant. The findings obtained in this study are evaluated within the framework of the relevant literature and suggestions for further research are presented.

EXAMINATION OF FICTIONAL PLACES ON THE MYTHOLOGY-SPACE AXIS: GODS OF EGYPT MOVIE ANALYSIS

Elif ÖZDOĞLAR — 2024-12-25

Cinema and architecture are in a mutual relationship. Through space, cinema reaches a backdrop to tell its story, its narrative power becomes stronger, it completes the gaps in its story and describes its characters. In architecture, it produces new forms physically and digitally, nourished by cinema. There is a similar bond between mythology and space as there is between cinema and space. Places enable the concretization of mythological stories, while mythology creates new spaces, shapes existing spaces and positions them in a hierarchical order. When the sociopolitical structure of mythology is evaluated, the place also has certain duties in ensuring social order and positioning the ruler and the clergy. Fictional spaces are places that cannot be physically experienced in the current period. In this context, the places of mythology are fictional places. Ancient Egyptian architecture is one of the cornerstones of world architecture in terms of form, shape and aesthetics. It has a unique style with its architectural structures such as pyramids, sphinxes, temples, obelisks, stylization of plants belonging to the flora of the region, artistic objects such as wall paintings, decorative decorations made with hieroglyphs, and sculptures in mythical forms. The movie ‘‘Gods of Egypt’’, which covers both Egyptian mythology, which guides a rich cultural accumulation, and Egyptian architecture, which left its mark on the world's architectural history, was chosen as an example for this study. The Gods of Egypt movie, released in 2016, is a production that takes its story from Egyptian mythology and interprets Egyptian architecture. The purpose of this research is to try to explain the mythology-space relationship by examining the film's locations on the character level and mythology axis. The main outcome of the research is the necessity and desire to create such productions for Turkish mythology and to depict traditional Turkish architecture, characters and places of Turkish mythology.

ANALYSIS OF BERGEN MOVIE WITH EMOTION- FOCUSED COUPLE THERAPY METHOD

Hande Nur SARGIN — 2024-12-25

In the movie, after her parents' divorce during her childhood, Bergen begins living with her mother. She sends letters to her father every week but never receives a reply. Bergen is a talented and passionate young girl with a love for music. She took private music lessons at a young age and later passed the conservatory exams with top scores. However, due to financial difficulties, she has to start working. She receives a job offer from her school friends and meets Abdullah at a club. Shortly after, Abdullah proposes to Bergen, but her mother insists that she should finish her education and opposes the marriage. She asks Abdullah to leave, which he agrees to, leaving Bergen heartbroken. Later, Bergen starts working and meets a man who watches her perform that night. They get married, but she experiences violence from her husband. After every incident, he convinces her to stay, but the violence continues. Bergen eventually escapes to her mother's house, where she learns that her husband is already married and their marriage was fake. Bergen returns to performing, but she is devastated by the death of her father. At the funeral, she reunites with her ex-husband and gives him another chance. Although their marriage continues, the violence does as well. Bergen goes back to her mother but, due to ongoing threats, changes cities. While performing on stage, her ex-husband attacks her with acid, causing her to lose sight in her right eye. Her treatment lasts two years. Eventually, she is persuaded to return to the stage and continues her career as the "Queen of Arabesque." Although divorced, she cannot escape her ex-husband. He follows her and, during an argument, shoots both Bergen and her mother, killing Bergen. This study aims to analyze the movie Bergen through an emotionally focused couple therapy (EFCT) approach. EFCT examines the reasons behind obsessive behaviors in relationships and what constitutes a healthy relationship. The scenes and emotions in the film that are considered suitable for the mentioned concepts have been analyzed. As a result, it is believed that the movie Bergen can contribute to the psychological counseling process within the framework of emotionally focused couple therapy (EFCT).

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NEPOTISM AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE

Cemile ŞEKER — 2024-12-25

Abstract

The aim of the study is to examine the effects of nepotism on employee performance in depth. The rationale of the study is that although nepotism is a common practice in many organizations, the effects of this issue on employee performance have not been adequately investigated. In this context, the study also aims to raise awareness of the problems that nepotism can create for managers and leaders and to guide them by explaining the long-term effects of such practices on organizational performance. The results of the study will make important contributions to the literature in terms of developing strategies to cope with nepotism, creating fairer management policies in organizations and improving the performance of organizations. The method of the research is literature review. For the research, first of all, the definitions of the variables of the study were mentioned. Then, a theoretical Deconstruction explaining the relationships between the variables was created. Later, the study and the results of these variables were carefully examined and hypotheses were formed. Finally, recommendations were made to organizations based on the research results. Indexes such as Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Web of Science have been scanned for summer browsing. According to the research result; the relationship between nepotism and employee performance is negative.

Keywords: Organizational performance, Nepotism, Qualitative Research.

ABSURDITY OF WAR IN JOSEPH HELLER’S CATCH 22 AND IN KURT VONNEGUT’S SLAUGHTERHOUSE 5

Feyzullah ASLAN — 2024-12-25

In ancient wars, people who were not on the front lines were not affected much by the war and they were in a safer environment. However, in the wars of modern times, there is no longer much difference between being a civilian behind the front lines or a soldier fighting at the front because with the modern warfare methods and machines, war and terror are everywhere now. During World War II, thousands of people died because of the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima, Nagasaki or the bombing of Dresden. And similar war disasters have happened many times and unfortunately, they still continue to happen. As a result of all, death and pain are increasingly losing their meaning and becoming ordinary. Considering the thousands who died in the wars, there being children and babies among them. This means that birth and death occur almost simultaneously. So, war disrupts the normal flow of events and facts and destroys the concept of time. From this point on life becomes absurd. In this paper, Joseph Heller's Catch 22 and Kurt Vonnegut's Slaughterhouse 5, which are about World War II, will be examined in terms of the absurdity of war and bureaucracy. While Captain Yossarian struggles in the absurd loop of war in Catch 22, Billy Pilgrim's time travels in Slaughterhouse 5 always lead to the traumatic moments he experienced in the war.

Keywords: World War II, Absurdity of war, Military bureaucracy, Catch 22, Slaughterhouse 5.

WAQF AND IBTIDĀ IN CLASSICAL WORKS

Kenan AKLAN — 2024-12-25

In parallel with the revelation of the Qur'an, various activities were carried out for its writing and preservation. First of all, the verses, which were written on various materials by the scribes of revelation, were gathered together after the Prophet's death, and during the caliphate of Prophet 'Uthman, they were again gathered together and reproduced to be sent to various cities. In addition to the services rendered for the writing and preservation of the Qur'an, various services were also rendered for its recitation. The Qur'an's movement, punctuation, and division into chapters can be counted among these. In order to guide those who have a weak command of Arabic, works have been written about where to stop and where to take during recitation. The issue we call waqf and ibtidā is a field that has emerged for the correct recitation of the Qur'an in terms of meaning. However, the approach of the scholars who wrote about this field was not the same. Many divisions have been made until today regarding waqf, which means stopping where the meaning is appropriate during the recitation of the Qur'an, and ibtidā, which means starting from the appropriate place. The most famous of these is the approach of Ibn al-Anbārī, al-Nahhās, and al-Dānī, which is considered as four parts. In later periods, the waqf system has been enriched with different concepts and pseudonyms for the convenience of the reader and has been applied in a more practical manner. In this study, we will first introduce waqf-ibtidān and discuss the views on its inception. Then, the types of waqf-ibtidā mentioned in the works of the aforementioned scholars will be discussed, followed by the various parts of waqf-ibtidā that were conceptualized in the following period.

EVALUATION OF TOURISTS COMING TO TÜRKİYE BY COUNTRY

Burcu İMREN GÜZEL — 2024-12-25

Tourism is one of the most prominent sectors in the world in recent years and is a source of income and employment for many countries. Tourism plays an important role in the development of countries and regions and is also connected to other sectors such as accommodation, transportation, entertainment, food and beverage. In recent years, international tourism has come to the forefront and countries have taken various initiatives to increase their international tourism potential. However, international tourism is highly sensitive to crises. Especially the health crises we have faced in recent years have negatively affected international tourism. International tourism, which has been on the rise since the 1950s, reached its peak in 2019, but experienced a significant decline in 2020 with the pandemic. Our country is also one of the countries with significant tourism potential. However, it has experienced the negative effects of the pandemic like every country. In order to eliminate the effects of the decline in international tourism, domestic tourism has been developed by many countries as a solution. In today's conditions, the probability of facing disasters and pandemics has increased. Therefore, it is necessary to develop future-oriented strategies for crisis situations. In order to do this, it is first necessary to reveal the current situation. Within the scope of this study, tourists coming to our country from abroad in 2019-2023 are evaluated by years based on their countries. The study uses data obtained from the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. An evaluation was made based on the number of arrivals to the facilities. While the number of tourists coming to our country from abroad was very high in 2019, it is seen that this number has decreased significantly in our country in 2020 due to the restrictions and bans caused by the pandemic. In 2021, although there was an increase compared to the previous year, the figures of 2019 could not be reached. In 2022 and 2023, there was a significant increase again and the figures exceeded 2019. International tourism has started to rise again in our country.

EMOJI AS A DIGITAL MARKETING TOOL: TWITTER (X) EXAMPLE

Oğuz KÖPRÜCÜ — 2024-12-25

Abstract

With the technological advances, people spend most of their time going online in digital world and therefore the importance of digital communication is getting a rise in time. Users apply emojis mostly in their posts when they feel inadequate at that time of expressing their feelings. Brands reflect this highly usage of emojis on their social media posts.

Usage of emojis on Twitter by brands has been analyzed. Working area has been formed by international brands accessing to Turkish markets six industries including technology, automotive, food, finance, e-sport, and shopping have been determined, and Twitter (X) posts of 44 brands in these sectors during the time between March 2022 and July 2022 have been collected via Python programme. Inputs extracted using that programme have been exploratory analyzed via Maxqda 22 programme. Emoji usage, density and variety of chosen brands have been pointed out.

AN APPROACH TO THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SCULPTURE AND BALANCE IN THE CONTEXT OF MATERIALS AND MOVEMENT PRINCIPLES

Sibel ARMAĞAN BENEK — 2024-12-25

Equilibrium is explained in the sources as the state of proportional equality between opposing forces or the general balance between opposing forces (Cevizci A.2010, 420 p).

The concept of balance in sculpture is similar to this definition; It is related to the weight, shape and form of the material. However, equality is required among all these principles. Equality is equated with everything being on the same level. In this case, the relationship between the statue and its balance can be explained as being on the same level. Just as in the definition of balance in the sources, there is proportional equality in the works to create balance.

What does the equal distribution of things in the sculpture reveal balance? A work of art emerges here, and what is taken into consideration when creating this work? Based on the questions, the relationship between balance and sculpture was examined. While examining many basic principles of the sculpture; Concepts such as movement and material in sculpture were discussed. As materials, marble, bronze and metal sculpture examples from the classical period and the modern period were examined. The concept of balance has an important place in sculpture art. The sculpture is three-dimensional, so it needs to stay balanced. It is permanent and therefore has to be solid. This solidity also provides a balanced stance. A basic principle of sculpture is balance in sculpture (Boztaş, Düz, 2013).

THE RENUNCIATION AND RECONFIGURATION OF PHALLOCENTRIC PENELOPE IN CLAIRE NORTH’S ITHACA

Gökçenaz GAYRET — 2024-12-25

This study aims to show that Claire North use retelling Greek myths as a strategy to dismantle the prepotency of phallocentrism designating steady female identities and resituate the feminine passivated and ossified in canonical male texts in her novel, Ithaca, through a lens of Irigarian standpoint and feminist revisionist mythmaking. In the myth of Penelope forming the basis of the novel, the feminine is embedded and appreciated in cultural memory as faithful, passive, subservient, and complementary of man. North evacuates the feminine from the monolithic and homogenizing representations in Greek myths and reverberates that the feminine solidified and essentialized by the omnipotence ofphallocentrism is artifact through engendering alternative realities and pluralistic interpretations about the struggles of Penelope. Re-fictionalizing the peripheral object of phallocentric logic in myths as speaking subject, she destabilizes the phallocentric notions which are premised upon solid entities and accord no specificity to the feminine and reconstruct the feminine as dynamic, polymorphous, and fluid subjects which are not jammed in singular and static concepts. North also rejuvenates the feminine disidentified and obfuscated by phallocentric decrees by endowing female figure of Greek myths, Penelope, with cunning features and mutate the quiescent, virtuous, and man-dependent woman into self-reflexive subjects afar from symbolic systems subtended by male imaginary. Thus, she builds a new feminine culture defying marginality and passivity of the feminine through providing multiple and alternative experiences of Penelope which are not imbedded by male imaginary in Greek myths and renouncing the phallocentric representations of the feminine embedded in cultural memory.

Keywords: Greek Myths, Revisionist Mythmaking, Phallocentric, Luce Irigaray, Claire North, Penelope

ECO ANXIETY AND ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT AWARENESS LEVELS OF HEALTH SCIENCES FACULTY STUDENTS

Hilal SEKİ ÖZ — 2024-12-25

Climate change is an important problem in today's world. The high awareness of students studying in the field of health towards climate change due to being role models for the society and providing health education will support the struggle in this field. This descriptive and correlational study examined the eco anxiety and ecological footprint awareness levels of 435 students studying in the field of health at a state university. The research data were collected with the Personal Information Form, Eco Anxiety Scale and Awareness Scale for Reducing the Ecological Footprint. It was determined that the eco anxiety level of the participants was close to the middle (34.91 ±10.82) and their ecological footprint awareness was above the middle level (111.60 ±20.62). It was found that the eco anxiety scores of fourth-year students, those with a nuclear family structure and those with a good economic situation were low; It has been determined that those studying in the fourth grade, those who feel a high level of sensitivity to climate problems, and those who are given information about climate problems in vocational training courses have higher scores in terms of ecological footprint awareness. In this respect, it can be said that the courses on climate problems given during vocational training are effective on students, positively affect their perspectives on climate problems, and increase their ecological footprint awareness.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BRUTALISM, SIMPLICITY AND ART IN THE LIGHT OF LOOS' PRINCIPLE 'ORNAMENT IS A CRIME'

Ahmet TAŞKIRAN — 2024-12-25

It started and developed with many periods and current architectures. Along with architecture, we can say that sculpture, painting and even music have developed. Therefore, it is impossible to think and understand a period independent of architecture.

Architectural structures appearing in the squares as a big monument, besides the duty of providing service, also inspire people.

In this context, adolf Loos, one of the important names of modern architecture, is a manifestation of low human profile according to the cultural and aesthetic theory revealed by the architecture. According to him, the phenomenon called beauty should be sought only in simplicity.

According to Loos, Art Nouveau and Secession architecture are consuming products and they are the objects of reality that replace reality. In this context, covering the surfaces of architectural buildings with different decoration elements is as scary as the people wearing the mask on the surface and concealing the real beauty.

Loos’s designs also feature simple forms without decoration, where basic building elements such as concrete, glass and steel appear.

In this study, a reading will be made about the aesthetic theory that Loos summarized as “ornament is a crime and in light of that theory, the examples that cement presents to art production will be evaluated.

PERCEPTION OF WOMEN IN ANCIENT GREECE IN LIGHT OF THE MYTHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF PANDORA, APHRODITE, PENELOPE AND HERA

Kevser TAŞDÖNER — 2024-12-25

The word mythology is formed by combining the Greek words “Mythos”, meaning a story told or heard in words, and “Logos”, meaning the telling of truth through human words. In fact, the two words are logically contradictory. While one describes events that do not reflect reality, such as stories and tales, the other is the telling of truth. For this reason, we cannot separate them when examining the belief systems and myths of ancient people.

Women, who were generally citizens of society who were male-dominated and had no say in all institutions of the state, including the administration, played a significant role in the myths of ancient states such as Mesopotamia, Ancient Greece and Rome. In the myths of the era in question, women were considered sacred beings due to their fertility, and they also showed the goddesses they created as the source of disasters, destructions and wars that befell humanity.

For this reason, while we evaluate the perception of women in the social structures of ancient states in the light of limited scientific data, we also benefit greatly from their myths. In this study, three mythological characters, Pandora, Aphroditee, Penelope and Hera were chosen. Our aim is to interpret the perception of women in Ancient Greek Civilization through sample myths about women who started wars, caused disasters, provided birth to living things, and created love in ancient mythology.

UNHEARD VOICES OF MARGINALIZED MOTHERHOOD IN EVERY DAY IS MOTHER’S DAY

Pelin Duygu AKSU SEMERCİOĞLU — 2024-12-25

Women’s madness is considered to be socially constructed as a result of the rules they have had to obey since their childhood. From their childhood to motherhood, women are expected to meet certain expectations. They are expected to be obedient daughters, loving wives, and caring mothers, which inevitably puts heavy pressure on women. As a result of their endless responsibilities, they do not have a chance to develop a healthy self, which leads them to have psychological disorders as a reaction to their oppression in society. The history of women’s madness has been investigated by Jane Ussher, Elaine Showalter, and Phylis Chessler. They indicate that, apart from biological reasons, women’s madness is based on oppressive societal norms put on women’s shoulders. In Hilary Mantel’s novel, Every Day is Mother’s Day, women’s madness as a social construction is reflected through the main character, Evelyn Axon, who is not liked by the people around her due to her extraordinary appearance and behaviors. She is reflected as a single mother who takes care of an intellectually disabled daughter, Muriel. As the novel proceeds, the reason that lies in Evelyn’s madness is revealed through her tragic childhood and marriage. Forced to marry a pedophile when she reaches a certain age, Evelyn has to deal with her disabled daughter on her own since her husband does not accept his daughter as his child. Besides, without having enough support from social services, she handles her disabled daughter according to her motherhood ideals. Another challenge she faces is that her daughter is raped and pregnant; however, she deals with the situation by herself as she knows that she is the one who will be accused of her daughter’s rape, not the harasser, which leads to her murdering the baby. Therefore, it is clear that women’s madness is related to their never-ending efforts to be ideal daughters, wives, and mothers, which is mirrored through Evelyn in Hilary Mantel’s debut novel Every Day is Mother’s Day.

REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT DIFFERENCES AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES IN THE TÜRKİYE - EU NEGOTIATION PROCESS

Nazif ÇETİN — 2024-12-25

Turkey has sometimes achieved success and sometimes unsuccessful results in its development moves with the “İzmir Economic Congress” in 1923, “five-year development plans” in 1960-2013 and today's “Regional Development Agencies” (RDAs) created under the leadership of the EU. Despite the fact that all these development policies were realized in line with Turkey's will, today's RDAs are tried to be kept independent and distant from the central administration and envisage EU and local government cooperation. However, the EU has made an effort to weaken the power of central administrations by producing local policies all over the world, not limited to member countries. While the EU and other global organizations are trying to ensure a global structuring by producing policies that transcend the borders of countries all over the world, the efforts to keep the regions away from the central administration in Turkey brings to mind concerns about whether Turkey is being directed towards a political autonomy. Therefore, Turkey should determine its own economic and development policies with its own will through a joint “Center-Region-EU” coordination in RDA projects. Turkey's existing qualified labor force is capable of doing this, and Turkey has the power and energy to do so. In this context, the basic activities of development agencies are: To provide technical support to the planning activities of local governments, To support activities and projects that will ensure the implementation of regional plans and programs; Within this scope, to monitor and evaluate the implementation process of supported activities and projects and to report their results to the Ministry of Industry and Technology, To contribute to the development of the region’s capacity related to rural and local development in accordance with the regional plans and programs and to provide support to projects within this scope, To monitor other projects carried out by the public sector, private sector and civil society organizations in the region and deemed important in terms of regional plans and programs, To develop cooperation between the public sector, private sector and civil society organizations in order to realize regional development targets, To use or have used the internal and external funds allocated to the Agency for regional development in accordance with the regional plans and programs, To conduct or have conducted research aimed at determining the resources and opportunities of the region, accelerating economic and social development and increasing competitive power, to support research conducted by other persons, institutions and organizations, To promote or have conducted the business and investment opportunities of the region at national and international levels in cooperation with the relevant organizations, To follow up the permission and license transactions and other administrative works and transactions falling within the scope of the duties and authorities of investors, public institutions and organizations in the provinces of the region from a single center in order to finalize them within the period specified in the relevant legislation. and coordinating, supporting small and medium-sized enterprises and new entrepreneurs by cooperating with relevant institutions on issues such as management, production, promotion, marketing, technology, financing, organization and workforce training, promoting activities related to bilateral or multilateral international programs in which Turkey participates in the region and contributing to project development within the scope of these programs are carried out within the framework of their duties.

A STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BURNOUT AND SELF-COMPASSION AMONG MENEMEN MUNICIPALITY EMPLOYEES ABSTRACT

CEMİLE ÇETİN — 2024-12-25

While burnout is defined as the state of exhaustion of physical and emotional energy of employees as a result of work stress and fatigue, self-compassion refers to the capacity of an individual to be kind and understanding towards himself. The aim of the study is to analyze the relationship between burnout and self-compassion in Menemen Municipality employees in Izmir. In this context, a survey study including a two-dimensional Oldenburg Burnout Scale, a one-dimensional Self-Understanding Scale and some socio-demographic variables was conducted. Analyzable data were obtained from a total of 164 municipal employees, 115 of whom were women (70.1%) and 49 of whom were men (29.9%) with voluntary participation. The data were subjected to validity and reliability analysis, frequency analysis, independent sample t test, one-way anova test and correlation analysis. Contrary to the results in the literature, a positive and moderate relationship was found between burnout and self-compassion at a confidence interval of 99%. In other results, no relationship was found between socio-demographic variables such as gender, age, marital status, education, seniority, employment status, spouse's employment status and burnout and self-compassion. Non-tenured employees in the municipality experience burnout more than tenured employees. 99% of the sample states that they are experiencing burnout. The self-compassion of employees who behave understandingly to themselves in the face of negative people, events and situations is higher than employees who behave neutrally and cruelly to themselves. Instead of waiting for burnout to become a problem in the municipality and creating solutions, it is necessary to make arrangements that can apply self-compassion as an effective solution.

RE-FUNCTIONING OF INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE CONCEPT

Füsun SEÇER KARİPTAŞ — 2024-12-25

The realization of the importance of industrial buildings was made possible by perceiving them as a heritage. The expansion of heritage in its cultural sense over time has revealed the concept of "industrial heritage". The interest in industrial heritage in recent years has been rooted in the interest in technological developments. Industrial buildings are important heritages that take place in the memory of human and the city, with production carried out in it, their mechanical equipment, their structure and even the lifestyle created by the employees over time. However, despite their importance in the history of architecture, their ties to the past and their historical value, these buildings were not considered architecturally for many years compared to other historical buildings and they were forgotten by being dysfunctional. Industrial facilities, factories, power plants, train stations are important examples of industrial heritage. These structures describe the technology of the period in which they were built in terms of their architectural features and design criteria. First of all, the architecture of the industrial buildings that have survived completely, and then each of the machinery and equipments inside are industrial heritage. This legacy has a story and a foundation. While every detail to be taken from here tells about human's past lives, it also gives clues about the future. These structures affect the environmental perception due to their size and distinctive architectural features, and they are flexible enough to make changes in their interior spaces due to their structural resistance. When the historical industrial structures in the world are examined, it is seen that they are generally re-evaluated as art and culture spaces. The reason for this is that these buildings architecturally create a suitable environment for art and performance spaces. In addition, they allow flexible use with their structural features, large and spacious interiors, high walls and wide windows. When examples from the world and Turkey are examined, it is seen that the factories of the past have turned into art and culture centers on by one over time. The aim of this study, within the scope of re-functioning of historical buildings, will be able to provide analysis through examples of buildings that have been given a new function. Thus, taking into account the structural data that may be required for re-functioning, it will be possible to increase the studies carried out in this direction in our country and to recycle historical buildings by evaluating them in this direction. With this study, it will be possible to analyze through examples of spaces that have been given a new function within the scope of re-functioning historical buildings. In addition, the aim of the study is to increase the number of studies carried out in this direction in our country, taking into account the structural data that may be required for re-functioning, and to ensure that historical buildings are reused by evaluating them in this direction.

THE EXPECTED MARMARA EARTHQUAKE: RISKS, PREPARATIONS, AND POTENTIAL IMPACTS ON TURKEY'S HEARTLAND

Onur ÖZBAY — 2024-12-25

Turkey is located in one of the most seismically active zones in the world due to its tectonic structure. A significant portion of the country lies on active fault lines, making it frequently exposed to earthquakes. Throughout its history, Turkey has experienced many devastating earthquakes, with the Gölcük Earthquake of August 17, 1999, standing out as a major event causing significant loss of life and property. Such major earthquakes have left lasting marks on the country's geographical and demographic landscape.

The Marmara Region is one of the most earthquake-prone areas in Turkey, directly influenced by the North Anatolian Fault Line. This fault line, stretching from Karlıova in Bingöl in the east to the Saros Gulf in the west, is known as one of Turkey's most active fault systems. Numerous large earthquakes have occurred along this fault line throughout history, significantly impacting the Marmara Region. Cities like Istanbul, Kocaeli, Sakarya, and Yalova face high risks due to their proximity to this fault line.

The anticipated Marmara Earthquake is a natural disaster that scientists have been studying for many years and is considered highly likely to occur. Geological and seismic data indicate substantial stress accumulation, particularly in the segment beneath the Marmara Sea. The rupture of this segment could trigger an earthquake of magnitude 7.0 or higher. As Turkey's largest metropolis, Istanbul is expected to be one of the most affected cities. Due to its dense population and role as the economic hub of the country, such a major earthquake could cause severe damage to the city.

The major earthquake expected to occur in Istanbul and its surroundings would not only impact the local population but also the entire nation. The Marmara Region is the backbone of Turkey's economy, serving as the center of industries such as manufacturing, trade, and finance. Istanbul alone accounts for more than 40% of the country's trade volume and represents Turkey's largest economic powerhouse. Consequently, a seismically active region with such economic and population density facing a devastating earthquake could have profound implications for the entire nation.

In addition to the potential loss of life and property caused by an earthquake in the Marmara Region, large-scale disaster scenarios could also emerge, including infrastructure damage, the collapse of transportation networks, and disruptions in basic services such as electricity, water, and natural gas. Therefore, studies and preparation processes regarding the potential impacts of the Marmara Earthquake are of vital importance not only for the safety and well-being of the local population but also for the prosperity of all of Turkey.

Efforts in earthquake preparedness, such as urban transformation projects, public awareness programs, and the reinforcement of building stocks against earthquakes, play a critical role in minimizing the adverse effects of this major natural disaster. However, considering the severity of the potential aftermath of the Marmara Earthquake, whether the measures taken so far are sufficient remains a subject of debate. The effective implementation of earthquake precautions across all sectors of society is crucial for accelerating post-earthquake recovery and minimizing losses.

EXAMINING THE ‘SON YAZ’ SERIES USING MOVIE ANALYSIS METHOD WITH A COGNITIVE BEHAVIOR FAMILY AND COUPLE THERAPY APPROACH

Rahime MİNİSKER — 2024-12-25

"Son Yaz" is a Turkish drama and action series that aired its first episode in 2021 and quickly gained significant interest from viewers. The series, which ran for two seasons, explores themes of the criminal world, the pursuit of justice, family relationships, and personal sacrifice. In the story, Selim's wife, Canan Kara, moves to İzmir with their children due to Selim's work, and their marriage faces difficulties. When Akgün travels to İzmir with Selim, he develops a close relationship with Selim's daughter, Yağmur. In this study, a combination of two psychotherapy approaches, Cognitive Behavioral Family and Couples Therapy, will be applied. Cognitive Therapy, pioneered by American psychiatrist Aaron T. Beck in the 1960s, focuses on how individuals' thought patterns, particularly dysfunctional and negative thoughts, influence their emotions and behaviors. Behavioral Therapy, developed by behaviorist psychologists like B.F. Skinner and Albert Bandura, focuses on changing learned behavior patterns. By integrating these two approaches, the aim is to help individuals cope with psychological issues by transforming both their thoughts and behaviors.

ACADEMIC INTEGRITY: THE PILLAR OF KNOWLEDGE AND THE ESSENCE OF SCHOLARLY PURSUIT

Ela OCAK YELTEKİN — 2024-12-26

Academic integrity is essential to the moral pursuit of study and serves as the foundation for the formation of real knowledge. As a set of moral standards, it requires accountability, openness, and honesty in every facet of academic work, from learning evaluations to research. Maintaining academic integrity ensures that knowledge is distributed consistently and that accomplishments are acquired legitimately, which builds trust throughout educational communities. Plagiarism, fabrication, and cheating are examples of violations that compromise the integrity of the academic system overall in addition to harming an individual's credibility. Encouraging academic integrity fosters respect for the work of others, intellectual development, and a dedication to moral principles that transcends the classroom. In order to strengthen the foundation of scholarship and truth in society, this article explores the importance of academic integrity, its effects on individual and group intellectual growth, and the role that educational institutions play in promoting and upholding these principles. Academic integrity is the cornerstone of knowledge creation and transmission since it embodies honesty, trust, fairness, respect, and accountability. It guarantees that scholarly work retains credibility and makes a significant contribution to the topic in an academic setting. Respecting academic integrity protects the caliber and dependability of scholarly contributions in addition to promoting a culture of trust between academics and institutions. This article highlights the need of both individuals and institutions to foster ethical awareness, investigates the fundamentals of academic ethics, and looks at the repercussions of ethical transgressions. In the end, upholding academic ethics guarantees that research advancements are made with integrity, promoting the search for the truth as well as the wider social impact of scholarship.