NEW ERA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY SOCIAL RESEARCHES

INVESTIGATION OF TRADITIONAL PLAN LAYOUT IN DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS USING THE SPACE SYNTAX METHOD

Ayça GÜLTEN — 2025-05-01

Housing structures, which are one of the biggest building blocks of the physical environment that reflects the society, appear in a holistic manner with their physical and social dimensions in the urban fabric and in the lives of the citizens, as well as a spatiality that responds to the need for shelter. Many traditional houses have taken their place from past to present in Anatolia, which has hosted many civilizations due to its geopolitical location. Different regions of Anatolia, where various civilizations lived, are the textures in which traditional Turkish residential architecture is reflected.

The space syntax method is a set of techniques developed to examine the spatial textures of cities and building-scale structures, as well as to examine semantic and social dimension relationships. In this direction, the effects of the life of the society living in seven geographical regions on the housing were examined and analyzed in the context of the determined traditional houses, and the abstract and concrete data in the space setup were obtained numerically by the space syntax method. As a result of the data obtained, the effects of the lifestyle and climate in each region on the spatial structure were seen. When the connectivity, integration and beta indices of the house determined in the Eastern Anatolia Region were examined, it was observed that it was the building with the deepest spaces. In addition, we see that the buildings in the Marmara and Black Sea regions have shallower spaces and are social structures.

As a result, by performing morphological analyzes on houses in seven geographical regions, it was determined that spatial evaluations were an important step in analyzing the past and present and transferring them to the future, and it was thought that it would be a basis for making decisions for the right conservation approaches while re-functioning traditional houses.

THE EFFECT OF THE GROUP GUIDANCE PROGRAM PREPARED TO PREVENT SCHOOL DROPOUT ON SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

Şeyma MIZRAK — 2025-05-01

The main purpose of this research is to examine the effect of the group guidance program designed to reduce school dropout on the school dropout level of secondary school students. The question of the research was to what extent the concept of school dropout, which occurs when a student ends his/her school life due to individual, family, school or social reasons before obtaining a diploma, will have an impact on 8th grade secondary school students. The working model of the research is based on an experimental model that includes pre-test and post-test measurements and aims to compare the control group with the experimental group. The prepared Group Guidance Program to Reduce School Dropout is the independent variable of the research, and the school dropout levels of the participants are the dependent variable. “Perceived School Experience Scale” was used to measure the school dropout levels of adolescents. It is a measurement tool consisting of 14 items in total. The study group consisted of 16 volunteer students attending a secondary school in Yeşilyurt district of Malatya province in the 2024/2025 academic year. Within the scope of the research, a 6-session Group Guidance Program to Reduce School Dropout was applied to the experimental group. During the research process, a pre-test was made to the experimental and control groups before the experimental intervention and a post-test was measured after the experimental procedure. During the data analysis phase, "Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test" statistical methods were used to evaluate the difference between the pre-test and post-test measurements of the experimental and control groups; The results obtained were analyzed in the SPSS 21 program. According to the results of the research, it was seen that the implementation of the Group Guidance Program Prepared to Reduce School Dropout provided a significant decrease in the school dropout levels of the students in the experimental group. At the same time, a significant difference was detected between the post-test scores of the students in the experimental group and the post-test scores of the students in the control group, in favor of the experimental group. In addition, it can be said that the Group Guidance Program Prepared to Reduce School Dropout is an effective program in reducing students' school dropout levels. The results of the research were discussed within the framework of the literature and recommendations were made for practitioners and researchers in line with the findings.

LIFE CYCLE RITUALS: INTEGRATION OF ISLAMIC VALUES WITH NATIONAL TRADITIONS

Raziya MATIBAEVA — 2025-05-01

The article explores the transformation of life-cycle rituals in Central Asia, shaped by the interaction between Islamic values and indigenous traditions. It begins by examining the historical spread of Islam in the region, emphasizing the challenges faced during the Arab conquest of Maverannahr and the methods used to propagate the religion, such as the integration of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) into local customs. This led to the gradual Islamization of the population while retaining distinctive cultural features.

The discussion highlights Islam’s universal principles, such as equality and tolerance, which fostered social cohesion among diverse ethnic groups. It also underscores the pivotal role of local scholars in adapting Islamic values to pre-existing traditions, ensuring that customs like marriage and mourning rituals blended religious norms with regional practices. These adaptations facilitated the incorporation of Islamic rituals into the fabric of Central Asian culture, creating a unique synthesis of Islamic and local elements.

Furthermore, the article examines the socio-political and cultural implications of these changes, noting the enduring influence of Islam on the national mentality and identity of Central Asian peoples. Examples include the alignment of Islamic holidays with regional festivities and the reinterpretation of Zoroastrian practices through an Islamic lens.

The study concludes that life-cycle rituals are dynamic social constructs, continually adapting to cultural transformations. This interaction has resulted in a distinct form of “Central Asian Islam,” which balances universal Islamic tenets with regional characteristics, contributing to the region’s cultural richness and cohesion. In this article we using the methods of Historical Analysis and Sociocultural Observation, examines historical sources that trace the spread and integration of Islam in Central Asia, including the writings of Narshahi, Beruni, and Barthold and analyzes rituals, traditions, and their transformations to understand the synthesis of Islamic values and indigenous customs.

IMITATION AND ADULTERATION IN FOODS

Mehmet BEYKAYA — 2025-05-01

Günümüzde taklit gıda ve ekonomik sebepler teknolojinin gelişmesi ve haksız zenginleşme ve tağşiş oldukça artmıştır. Taklit ve bu şekilde algılanan ülkemizdeki tüm gıda üretimi tağşiş tanımı kesinlikle doğru değildir. Çünkü üretim yapan şirketlerin kayıt ve onayı Gıda ve Tarım Bakanlığı'nca kesin olarak belirli kurallara uyulması zorunludur. Aksi halde ve ceza olarak hem basında olumsuz bir şekilde yer alan şirket ve firmaların gıda maddeleri isimleri çok önemli zararlara ve itibar kaybına maruz kalmaktadır. Ayrıca tüm dinlerde haksız bir günah kazanmak önemlidir. Tağşiş ve sahtecilik kısaca şu şekilde tanımlanmaktadır. Tağşiş: Gıda maddeleri ile temas halinde olan maddeler ve gıda ve maddeler, mevzuata aykırı veya izin verilen özellikleri üreten durumu anlatır. Tağşiş bir başka deyişle; o maddenin tüm temel özelliklerini ve besin değerini değiştiren veya ürünün bir kısmını veya yönetmeliklere aykırı olarak miktarını veya aynı miktarda taşınmasını ortaya çıkaran başka bir konudur; mevzuata aykırı olarak veya devlet tarafından izin verilen özellikleri taşıyan gıda maddeleri üretimi; sahtecilik yabancı bir şeyi bir şeye karıştırma; gömme olarak tanımlanır. Bu konuyu örnekleme yoluyla açıklamak gerekirse; tereyağının tamamen bitkisel yağ katılarak satılması tereyağı, peynir katılması nişasta, ekşi nar, zeytinyağı ve diğer yağların bal glikoz ve fruktoz şurubu katılmasına örnektir. Taklit gıda maddeleri ve gıda ile temas eden malzemeler yol ve malzeme, kendi başına bileşim ve nitelikler olarak özellikler taşıyormuş gibi sunulmaz. Ürün şekilleri, bileşim ve yapı gibi doğada bulunmayan özelliklere sahipse veya başka bir ürünle aynıysa, meyve şurubu, üzüm şurubu, tereyağının tekrar bitkisel kökenli bir tereyağı aromasıyla yağ ve katkı maddeleriyle pazarlanması taklitin tipik örnekleridir.

ANALYSIS OF EMERGENCY EVACUATION FUNCTIONS USING THE PATHFINDER SİMULATION PROGRAM

Onur ÖZBAY — 2025-05-01

This study analyzes the effectiveness of evacuation processes during emergency situations in educational buildings. By utilizing the Pathfinder Simulation Program, simulations were conducted to identify factors influencing evacuation times, and evacuation performance was thoroughly evaluated under different student numbers and building conditions. The key variables affecting evacuation time, such as increased student population, the location and number of exit doors, floor height, flow density, and building design, were examined. Based on the simulation results, mathematical models were developed to predict evacuation time and were compared with simulation data to analyze error margins. The main findings of the study indicate that evacuation times significantly increase in buildings with a single emergency exit and that adding a fire escape could reduce the total evacuation time by 24%. Additionally, high occupant density within the building was found to cause congestion at certain points, negatively affecting the evacuation process. The mathematical model developed in this study provides a reliable alternative for researchers without access to simulation software. The results contribute significantly to improving emergency evacuation strategies in educational buildings and optimizing safe evacuation plans.

LOCAL ACTIONS GROUPS: SALIPAZARI LOCAL ACTION GROUP ASSOCIATION EXAMPLE

R. Kıvanç ARSLAN — 2025-05-01

Local Action Groups (LAGs) are organizational structures based on a multi-actor, participatory and sustainable approach to local development. These groups are formed through the voluntary collaboration of public institutions, private sector representatives, and civil society organizations operating or residing within a specific geographical region. Their primary objective is to plan, implement, and monitor projects that support the social, economic, environmental, and cultural development of their respective regions.
LAGs are typically established as associations (NGO status) and operate under the principles of the LEADER approach (Liaison Entre Actions de Développement de l'Économie Rurale), which is a part of the European Union’s Rural Development Policy. The LEADER methodology promotes a “bottom-up” model of development, enabling local stakeholders to participate directly in decision-making processes. This framework allows LAGs to produce innovative, sustainable, and locally tailored solutions to development challenges while fostering cooperation and knowledge-sharing among diverse actors.
In Turkey, a total of 48 Local Action Group (LAG) Associations have been established across 12 provinces. These associations are community-led development organizations formed in line with the European Union’s rural development policies, aiming to promote bottom-up participation and cooperation among local stakeholders. Among the 48 LAGs, 8 have been established in the province of Samsun, highlighting its leading role in the implementation of rural development initiatives.
This study focuses on the activities of the Salıpazarı Local Action Group Association (SALYEGDER), one of the Local Action Group (LAG) associations established in the province of Samsun. The primary aim of the research is to conduct a multidimensional analysis of the projects implemented by SALYEGDER, its organizational structure, and its contribution to local development processes. Within this framework, the study evaluates how LAGs promote community participation in decision-making processes, their role in building social capital in rural areas, and the extent to which they contribute to regional development goals. The activities carried out in Salıpazarı serve as a case through which the local implications and implementation processes of the LEADER approach are critically examined.

THE SUBJECT OF LEGENDS FROM THE ELEMENTS OF INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE 8. THE EFFECT OF CLASSROOM VISUAL ARTS COURSE ON STUDENTS' VIEWS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURAL HERITAGE AWARENESS

Asiye YILDIZ — 2025-05-01

Every society has tangible and intangible cultural heritage that connects its past and present. These legacies reflect the values and history of the community. Legends, one of the intangible cultural heritage elements, are one of the important elements that keep our cultural heritage alive. The aim of this study is to develop the awareness of intangible cultural heritage in the visual arts course with the example of legends. In this context, in the 8th grade visual arts course, students' knowledge of legends, one of the intangible cultural heritage elements, was examined. Case study design, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the study. The study group of the research consists of 30 students studying in a secondary school in Sur district of Diyarbakır province. In the study, a twelve-question semi-structured interview form developed by the researchers was used as a data collection tool. The data obtained from the interview form were examined and content analysis was performed by natural coding. In the interview with the students, it was seen that the students gave answers showing that they had gained in-depth knowledge about intangible cultural heritage and legends as a result of the education process in which the subject of legend, one of the elements of intangible cultural heritage, was discussed. Recommendations were made according to the results obtained. It can be said that the visual arts course is important in the development of intangible cultural heritage awareness and contributes to the development of this awareness by making students more sensitive to the cultural heritage elements around them.

BIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF GASTRONOMY AND EXPERIENCE-BASED RESEARCH WITH R PROGRAM

İbrahim YILMAZ — 2025-05-01

This study aims to present a bibliometric analysis of academic articles at the intersection of gastronomy and experience-based research. Bibliometric studies are studies conducted to reveal the trends and development of academic studies in a particular field. The concept of gastronomy and experience are terms that are frequently used together, especially in the field of tourism, and the fact that the number of studies in this field has increased significantly in the last 10 years has necessitated the determination of the dynamics and development directions of the field. For this purpose, 413 research articles from the WoS (Web of Science) database were used as a data set. Bibliometric analyses were conducted using the Biblioshiny interface in the R statistical program. In the findings of the study, prominent authors, keyword cloud, prominent journals, authors, collaborations between countries and the orientations of the articles under study are visualized and presented with thematic maps. It is thought that the research findings will make a modest contribution to the field of gastronomy and experimentation and will guide researchers who want to work in this field.

COMPARISON OF READING AND WRITING TEACHING METHODS APPLIED SINCE 1924

Mustafa GÜNEŞ — 2025-05-01

In this study, literacy teaching methods applied since 1924 have been examined, and it has been seen that literacy teaching methods have been determined and applied in the curriculum since 1936, sentence analysis method between 1936-2005, and sound-based sentence method has been applied since 2005. The comparison of both methods was made with the document analysis method, the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods were determined, and as a result, it was concluded that the application of the sound-based sentence method should be continued because it enables faster learning of literacy.

THE IMPACT OF PSYCHOANALYSIS ON SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES

Suna ŞAŞMAZ TEKEL — 2025-05-08

The theories of Freud, his colleagues and successors had a significant impact on Western thought for much of the 20th century. Psychoanalytic concepts were widely used in literary criticism and became part of everyday life in journalism and “popular psychology”. Almost every educated adult in Western society was familiar with these concepts, at least to some extent. Towards the end of the 20th century, however, it became clear that the psychoanalytic model was difficult to test empirically, or that it did not work well in experimental tests. By the end of the 20th century, psychodynamic treatment methods had largely been replaced by cognitive-behavioral and pharmacological techniques, but psychoanalysis as a form of psychotherapy and psychoanalytic concepts still had some adherents (Wertheimer 2020:158). In terms of social analysis and sociological theory, Freudian ideas have played a major role in the sociological conceptualization of human subjectivity and interpersonal relations, sexuality and modern culture, as well as the mixture of reason and irrationality in politics and history. There have been three important sociological developments in this context: first, there have been several early and influential articulations of psychoanalysis and sociology developed in Europe (as represented especially in the work of the Frankfurt school of sociology) and North America (especially in the writings of Talcott Parsons); second, structuralist and poststructuralist variants of psychoanalysis as it has been used in sociological debates; and finally, feminist and postmodern social theory have been significantly shaped by psychoanalysis.

WASHBACK EFFECT AND ENGLISH LANGUAGE TESTING IN TÜRKIYE: A CRITICAL REVIEW STUDY

Suheyla DEMİRKOL ORAK — 2025-05-08

Every single teaching and learning action is mentioned with the assessment styles. No matter the style of the examination, it can be either process-oriented or product-oriented, examination has an effect on the test-takers’ further learning activities either debilitative or facilitative. Leaning on this immediate fact, the present review study was set to discover primarily the procedural link between the washback effect and English language testing. The secondary aim was to bring a shared understanding of the probable effect of the central language examination system in Türkiye on the test-taker by relying on the comparison of Japanese and Indian samples. By doing so, a critical review study was conducted over various search engines ranging from Google Scholar to Web of Science by focusing on the specific keywords. In accordance with the results, it was observed that whilst product-oriented exam styles have a debilitative washback effect, process-oriented exam styles have a facilitative washback effect on test-takers together with long-lasting learning outcomes.