NEW ERA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY SOCIAL RESEARCHES

THE INVESTOR AND THE INVESTEE NIGERIA-CHINA RELATIONSHIP IN A MULTI-RELIG

FAVOUR UROKO — 2024-02-26

ABSTRACT

This article examines China’s loans and their impact on infrastructural and human capital development in Nigeria. Nigeria and China has continued to maintain diplomatic and economic relations, with ongoing discussions about potential projects and financial cooperation. Nigeria is a country that is reckoned as being religious; however, other countries expect to see the dividends that the Nigerian government usually collects from other countries. Since January 2022, Nigeria has engaged in loan agreements with China as part of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), a global infrastructure development strategy initiated by the Chinese government. Many of the loans from China to Nigeria are aimed at funding critical infrastructure projects. he BRI is a Chinese-led initiative focused on enhancing global trade connectivity through infrastructure development. The increasing level of debt from Chinese loans has raised concerns globally, including in Nigeria. Critics argue that the terms of some loans may be onerous, leading to potential debt sustainability challenges for borrowing countries. This study focuses on China’s aid in terms of loans and assesses its impact. This study made use of twelve (12) purposively selected informants and also data from relevant academic literature. Content analysis was adopted. Emerged themes include: i) the normative practice of corruption; ii) the attitude of Nigerians; iii) falsifying figures for contracts; and iv) increasing poverty. Nigerians perceive the large borrowings of the Nigerian government from China as having little or no effect on the growth and development of the country. There have been calls for increased transparency and accountability regarding loan agreements between Nigeria and China. Recommendations were discussed.

Keywords: Africa, Chinese loans, Nigeria Bilateral Relations, Corruption, Poverty, Debt.

The ISLAMISATION OF THE TURKESTAN REGION: FIRST MUSLIM CONQUESTS

Bauyrzhan SAYFUNOV — 2024-02-26

The Muslim conquests of the Turkestan region were an important part of the spread of Islam and the political, cultural and religious changes in the region. The spread of Islam to the region began with the Arab conquests of the 7th and 8th centuries. Particularly during the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates, Arab armies conquered Turkestan and brought Islam to these lands. There have been various wars between Turks and Muslims throughout history, but these wars have generally been caused by political or ethnic reasons rather than religious affiliation. The expeditions of the Arab armies into the region to Islamise the Turkestan region brought various regions of Turkestan under Islamic rule, and these expeditions deeply affected the political and religious structure of the region and contributed to Turkestan becoming a part of Islamic civilisation. This article evaluates the first conquest campaigns organised in the name of Islam in the Turkestan region from a new perspective. Literature review, document analysis and descriptive methods were used in the article.

MULTICULTURALISM IN THE ANALOGICAL NOVELS: A PALE VIEW OF HILLS AND A TALE OF TIME BEING

Bülent Cercis TANRITANIR — 2024-02-26

A Pale View of Hills, penned by Kazuo Ishiguro, a Britisih-Japan author, and A Tale of Time Being, written by Ruth Ozeki, an American-Canadian author, are homogenous works in terms of their depiction of multiculturalism and its effects. They both depict multiculturalism in a cosmic and social sphere and it is observable in their depiction of the interactions between individuals of Japanese, American, English, and Canadian origins. Additionally, they show multiculturalism in international and historical spheres. This article examines Ishiguro’s characters, such as Etsuko, Sachiko, Mariko, Keiko, and Ozeki’s characters, such as Neo, Ruth, Kimi, and Haruku, who are highly similar in their understanding of multi-culturalism in an analogical and comparative way. Although this article also goes beyond the fictional narratological spheres that these characters are involved in and shows international and historical facts related to multicultural interaction, it only offers information about multiculturalism in a fictional sense, not fully life-like information. In order to be able to make a successful analysis based on examination and interpretation, it is very important to have ideas and knowledge on many subjects such as the period in which the work was produced, the conditions, the social structure, politics and sociology. In order to achieve this goal, information about the above-mentioned subjects was obtained and then the works was examined. This examination was done through tracking down and finding out the similarities between to two aforementioned works and was done also through showing direct citations from the examinations about finding out similarties between the two aforementioned works.

THE IDEAL RUSSIAN WOMAN FROM THE PEN OF A.S. PUSHKIN: TATYANA

Semanur AKSOY TURAL — 2024-02-26

The ideal image of a woman varies for each society and is reflected in literature in different forms. A. S. Pushkin, one of the greatest poets of 19th-century Russian literature, embarked on a quest to create the ideal woman in his works. In the poetic novel "Eugene Onegin," he presented the character Tatyana due to his search. The main objective of this study is to analyze in detail the portrait of the idealized Russian woman through the character of Tatyana. In light of the perceptions of women during the time the work was written, as determined by societal consensus, Pushkin portrayed Tatyana as an ideal Russian woman with virtues such as strength of character, loyalty, self-sacrifice, sincerity, and innocence. This study provides a cultural and historical context for understanding Tatyana as an idealized figure. The depiction of Tatyana's relationships with other characters in both her rural life and later in high society, as well as the influence of her nanny on Tatyana, is crucial in identifying the aspects of her character that the poet elevates. Additionally, comparing Tatyana, the idealized female hero, with Olga, another female character close to the ideal, will provide a meaningful perspective. The study will also examine Tatyana's character development throughout the work, her attitude toward societal expectations, and her struggle to find her identity.

The STATE OF LIGHT INDUSTRY IN THE REGIONS OF AZERBAIJAN

Kamran MURADZADE — 2024-02-26

The article deals to the state of light industry in the regions of Azerbaijan. The purpose of the study is to assess the state of light industry in the regions of Azerbaijan. The article uses general scientific methods and principles. The scientific relevance of the research: the article deals with the peculiarities and problems of the development of the light industry in the regions of Azerbaijan. The leading role of the state in solving the issues of this industry should be highlighted. It is that the creation of conditions on the part of the state for the development of the light industry in Azerbaijan opens a wide spectrum for the development of this industry. The main directions, which should be followed by the state, are highlighted. The scientific novelty of the research consists in evaluating the problems of light industry development in the regions of the country, as well as considering the activity of the industry according to certain indicators.

Keywords: light industry, Azerbaijan, regional development, economic zones, statistical analysis.