UNDERSTANDING THE EDUCATIONAL LANDSCAPE IN PAKISTAN: ADDRESSING ISSUES, PROBLEMS, AND EMERGING CHALLENGES

Abstract

The aim of this research article was to examine the prevalent issues, challenges, and new dynamics within the educational system of Pakistan. Education assumes a leadership role in society, with educational institutions tasked with the holistic development of individuals in physical, mental, psychological, social, and spiritual dimensions. Its impact extends to the enhancement of economic, social, political, and cultural facets of the nation. Historically, secondary and college education in Pakistan primarily served as a preparation for tertiary education, largely synonymous with university education. Globally, universities collaborate with industrial and agricultural development organizations, contributing significantly to economic progress. However, in Pakistan, despite over five decades of educational efforts, developmental indicators remain less than favourable. The higher education participation rate is notably lower compared to regional counterparts. Challenges encompass issues related to the quality of staff, students, library and laboratory resources, relevance to societal needs, research capabilities, financial constraints, a disproportionate focus on arts over sciences, examination shortcomings, governance inefficiencies, and academic outcomes falling short of international standards. In light of the substantial challenges within Pakistan's education system, the researcher chose this topic for investigation, recognizing the need for comprehensive understanding and potential solutions.