Writing Rules

General Writing Guidelines

APA 6 CITATION STYLE GUIDE

This guide has been prepared to ensure that studies submitted to our journal are written and formatted according to the writing and citation rules.

When preparing manuscripts, please adhere to the following general rules:

  • Font and Size: Manuscripts should be written in Times New Roman, 12-point font.
  • Line Spacing: The text should be 1.5 spaced, while footnotes and references should be single-spaced.
  • Page Layout: Margins should be set to 2.5 cm on all sides.
  • Paragraph Formatting: The first line of each paragraph should be indented by 1.25 cm.
  • Headings: Main headings should be bold and left-aligned, while subheadings should also be bold and left-aligned.

Structure

In APA style, manuscripts are divided into sections. The main sections, in order, are:

  • Title
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Method
  • Results
  • Discussion
  • References
  • Appendices

Title
The first page should contain the full title of the manuscript, centered and with only the first letters of significant words capitalized. Below the title, the authors' names should be written in the same format. Next, the authors' institutional affiliations should be listed. After a double space, the author’s position at the institution, awards received, funding acknowledgments (if applicable), and contact information should be provided, aligned to the left.

Abstract
The manuscript should include an abstract of no more than 250 words in both the primary language of the article and English (or Russian, depending on the article's language). The abstract’s headings should be "Abstract" and "Özet" or "Резюме," as applicable. A maximum of 5 keywords in English (Keywords) and 5 keywords in the article’s primary language should be listed. Keywords and "Anahtar Kelimeler" should be indented by 1.25 cm.

Citation Rules for References

References should be listed alphabetically under the title "References" at the end of the manuscript.

  • The first line of each reference should be left-aligned, while subsequent lines should be indented by 1.25 cm.
  • Below are examples for different types of sources:

Book:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the book. Publisher.
Example: Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2012). Marketing management (14th ed.). Pearson Education.

Journal Article:
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of the article. Journal Name, Volume(Issue), page range.
Example: Smith, J. A., & Brown, R. B. (2020). Leadership styles in education. Educational Research Quarterly, 45(3), 123-145. https://doi.org/10.1234/abcd1234

Book Chapter:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the chapter. In B. B. Editor (Ed.), Title of the book (pp. page range). Publisher.
Example: Brown, J. (2015). Strategic decision making. In A. White (Ed.), Management perspectives (pp. 45-67). Sage.

Online Source:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title. URL
Example: World Health Organization. (2021). Mental health in times of crisis. https://www.who.int/mental_health

In-text Citations

In-text citations should follow these rules:

  • Single Author: (Author, Year) → (Smith, 2020)
  • Two Authors: (Author & Author, Year) → (Kotler & Keller, 2012)
  • Three or More Authors: For the first citation (Author, Author, & Author, Year), for subsequent citations (Author et al., Year) → (Brown et al., 2015)
  • Corporate Author: (Organization Name, Year) → (World Health Organization, 2021)
  • Direct Quotations: "Quoted text" (Author, Year, p. Page Number) → "Education is essential" (Smith, 2020, p. 123).

Tables and Figures

  • Tables and figures should be appropriately placed within the text.
  • Each table and figure should be numbered (e.g., Table 1, Figure 2), and captions should be placed below them.
  • Tables and figures should be contextually relevant and cited properly if necessary.

References (Examples):

  • Smith, J. A., & Brown, R. B. (2020). Leadership styles in education. Educational Research Quarterly, 45(3), 123-145. https://doi.org/10.1234/abcd1234
  • World Health Organization. (2021). Mental health in times of crisis. https://www.who.int/mental_health
  • Gömeç, Sadettin. (1999). Türk Cumhuriyetleri ve Toplulukları Tarihi. Ankara: Akçağ Yayınları.
  • Resulzade, M. Emin. (2018). Bir Türk Milliyetçisinin Stalin’le İhtilal Hatıraları. İstanbul: Türk Dünyası Araştırmalar Vakfı (TDAV).

 

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