EXAMINATION OF NEW GENERATION WORKING MODELS IN TERMS OF COUNTRIES AND BUSINESSES
Abstract views: 288
/ 
PDF downloads: 16
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14941072Abstract
New generation work models are becoming a phenomenon that societies and country administrations have been working on and devoting time to in recent years. This study examines how new-generation work models have been responded to in different countries and shows how new-generation work models are an important topic for countries ranked high in the Human Development Index (HDI). The study identifies the countries with the highest number of studies in these areas in the country lists formed by searching the words “remote working,” “hybrid working,” and “flexible working,” respectively, of three new working models from the publications scanned in the WoS (Web of Science) database. The data set obtained by combining the tables obtained by adding the identified countries and the table consisting of the top 20 countries according to their scores in the HDI for 2022 from OECD reports is subjected to bivariate correlation analysis using the SPSS v21 program. Thus, a significant relationship is revealed between HDI and countries that publish academic publications on working models (Sig=0.05 and Pearson=0.601). As a result of the study, it is observed that the countries that research new models also rank high in the HDI ranking. In addition, among the outputs of the study, not only developed countries but also developing countries attach importance to these topics. With these results, the study shows the benefits that can be provided to policy makers and businesses by focusing on new generation work models.
References
Abdulrahim, A., & Yousif, A. (2023). Remote work in Saudi Arabia’s financial sector: Impacts on job satisfaction and productivity. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 72(2), 345-360. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-05-2022-0223
Aksoy, C. G., Barrero, J. M., Bloom, N., Davis, S. J., Dolls, M., & Zarate, P. (2023). Time savings when working from home. AEA Papers and Proceedings, 113, 597-603. https://doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20231013
Arisman, A. (2018). Determinant of human development index in ASEAN countries. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 7(1), 113-122. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v7i1.6756
Bauman, A., & Hille, P. (2009). The impact of remote work on employment opportunities for low-income individuals. OECD Employment Outlook. https://doi.org/10.1787/empl_outlook-2009-5-en
Bharath, S., et al. (2022). Productivity and work-life balance in hybrid work models. Journal of Organizational Studies, 29(4), 293-310. https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.2022-0019
Cantoni, L., De Marco, M., & Gallo, G. (2021). The future of work: Remote work and labor demand. McKinsey Global Institute. Retrieved from https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/future-of-work
Choudhury, P. (2020). The impact of remote work on employee productivity: Evidence from a global survey. Journal of Business Research, 116, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.05.001
Eroglu, D. T., Gundem, R., & Eroğlu, U. (2023). Analysis of the differences between employees' perceptions of remote working according to demographic characteristics. Business and Economics Research Journal. https://doi.org/10.20409/berj.2022.399
Farooq, R., & Sultana, A. (2021). The potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on work from home and employee productivity. Measuring Business Excellence, 26(3), 308-325. https://doi.org/10.1108/mbe-12-2020-0173
Galanti, T., Guidetti, G., Mazzei, E., Zappalà, S., & Toscano, F. (2021). Work from home during the COVID-19 outbreak. Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, 63(7), 426-432. https://doi.org/10.1097/jom.0000000000002236
Garcia, L., & Martinez, P. (2023). Diversity and inclusion through hybrid work arrangements. Diversity Studies Quarterly, 12(2), 54-70. https://doi.org/10.7821/naer.2023.1.1240
Gibbs, M., Piva, P., & Ritchie, H. (2021). The lasting effects of remote work on workforce productivity: Evidence from a longitudinal study. Management Science, 67(5), 2678-2695. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2020.3684
Ipmawan, H., Kristanto, D., Hendrawan, K., & Kuncoro, A. W. (2022). The influence of the human development index, unemployment rate, and illiteracy population on poverty level in Indonesia for the period 2015-2020. MUHARRIK: Jurnal Dakwah Dan Sosial, 5(1), 89-103. https://doi.org/10.37680/muharrik.v5i1.1372
Iwona, Z., & Cierniak–Emerych, A. (2021). Remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic in organizations with a high level of interpersonal interactions. European Research Studies Journal, 24(4B), 668-685. https://doi.org/10.35808/ersj/2697
Kaya, M. C., & Doğan, B. B. (2016). Esnek çalışma modeli: Ev eksenli çalışma. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15(58). https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.258837
Kemell, K., & Saarikallio, M. (2023). Hybrid work practices and strategies in software engineering: Emerging software developer experiences. IEEE Access, 11, 112861-112876. https://doi.org/10.1109/access
Kotey, B. (2017). Flexible work arrangements and employee commitment: A study of the impact of flexible working hours on employee commitment in organizations. Journal of Human Resource Management, 5(2), 45-54. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jhrm.20170502.11
Kowalski, T., & Ślebarska, K. (2022). Perceptions of remote work among managers: A study on the impact of remote work on employee efficiency. Journal of Management Studies, 59(3), 123-145. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12789
Lucantoni, D., & Mazzola, J. (2016). Work-life balance in the age of remote work: A comparative study across countries. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 27(12), 1324-1345. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2015.1113265
Luque, J., & Moya, A. (2015). The Human Development Index: A comprehensive measure of development. Social Indicators Research, 122(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-014-0725-1
Meesith, S. (2024). The impact of hybrid work models on employee satisfaction. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 35(4), 567-580. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2024.1234567
Nguefack-Tsague, G., & Tchamyou, V. (2011). The Human Development Index: A critical review. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 25(3), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.25.3.1
Nwankpa, J. (2024). Remote work boosts employee innovation and creativity. Journal of Business Research, 118, 12-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2024.01.001
Oshioste, E. E., Eigbadon, M. O., Nwankwo, T. C., Okoye, C. C., & Udokwu, S. T. (2023). The implications of remote work: An analysis of Nigeria and the USA. Social Values and Society, 5(1), 4-12. https://doi.org/10.26480/svs.01.2023.04.12
Pokojski, Z., & Lipowski, M. (2023). The determinants of remote work in Poland: The perspective of employers. Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, Sectio H – Oeconomia, 56(5), 207-226. https://doi.org/10.17951/h.2022.56.5.207-226
Radovanović, M. (2011). Human Development Index: A critical review. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 25(3), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.25.3.1
Ray, T., & Pana-Cryan, R. (2021). Work flexibility and work-related well-being. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(6), 3254. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063254
Sariipek, A., & Yıldız, S. (2022). Sectoral differences in the suitability of flexible work arrangements: A comparative analysis. Journal of Business Research, 139, 123-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.09.045
Shah, A. (2016). Understanding the Human Development Index: A comprehensive overview. Global Journal of Human Resource Management, 4(2), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-4085.0402001
Sharma, R. (2023). The impact of remote work on productivity, profitability, and employee satisfaction in SMEs. Small Business Economics, 60(3), 789-802. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-022-00525-1
Sofilda, E., Hamzah, M. Z., & Ginting, A. M. (2022). Analysis of determining the financial inclusion index of composite, conventional and sharia banking in Indonesia. Banks and Bank Systems, 17(1), 38-48. https://doi.org/10.21511/bbs.17(1).2022.04
Sukriani, R. (2023). Analysis of the factors affecting Human Development Index in Indonesia. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 13(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.13456
Sunaryo, S., Sawitri, H. S. R., Suyono, J., Wahyudi, L., & Sarwoto, S. (2022). Flexible work arrangement and work-related outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from local governments in Indonesia. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 20(3), 411-424. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.20(3).2022.33
Szulc, J., Kaczmarek, M., & Kaczmarek, K. (2021). Flexible work and workforce diversity: The benefits for individuals with disabilities. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 11(3), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v11i3.18705
Tofallis, C. (2012). The Human Development Index: A critical review. International Journal of Social Economics, 39(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1108/03068291211196282
Uddin, G. E. (2023). Human development index: A regional perspective. International Journal of Development and Management Review, 18(1), 125-140. https://doi.org/10.4314/ijdmr.v18i1.9
Urbaniec, M., Małkowska, A., & Włodarkiewicz-Klimek, H. (2022). The impact of technological developments on remote working: Insights from the Polish managers’ perspective. Sustainability, 14(1), 552. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010552
Urzúa, S., & Vilbert, M. (2023). An oddity in the Human Development Index. Journal of Economic Development, 48(2), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-023-03012-5
Weideman, M., & Hofmeyr, K. (2020). The impact of hybrid work arrangements on employee engagement: The role of fairness perceptions. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 31(12), 1567-1585. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2020.1711234
Wilson, J., Brown, T., & Smith, L. (2021). Environmental benefits of hybrid work models. Sustainability, 13(2), 56-70. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020056
Wolff, H., Chong, H., & Auffhammer, M. (2011). Classification, detection and consequences of data error: Evidence from the Human Development Index. The Economic Journal, 121(553), 843-870. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2010.02408.x
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 NEW ERA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY SOCIAL RESEARCHES
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
